Problem Solving: Algorithms & Flowcharts
Problem solving in computer science is the systematic process of identifying a problem, analyzing it, and designing an effective solution that can be implemented by a computer program. Instead of jumping directly to coding, programmers rely on structured tools such as algorithms and flowcharts to design logical, efficient, and error-free solutions.
1. Understanding Algorithms
An algorithm is a finite sequence of well-defined steps for solving a particular problem. It acts like a recipe: starting with input, processing step by step, and producing the desired output.
Key Characteristics of a Good Algorithm:
- Input: Clearly defined data to begin with.
- Output: Specific and correct results must be produced.
- Definiteness: Each step should be unambiguous.
- Finiteness: The algorithm must terminate after finite steps.
- Effectiveness: Each step should be simple and executable.
Example Algorithm (Largest of Two Numbers):
- Start
- Input two numbers, A and B
- If A > B, then display "A is greater"
- Else display "B is greater"
- Stop
2. Flowcharts
A flowchart is a visual representation of an algorithm. It uses graphical symbols to show the logical flow of control in a program. Flowcharts are useful for communicating logic to both technical and non-technical audiences.
Common Flowchart Symbols:
- Oval: Start/End
- Parallelogram: Input/Output
- Rectangle: Process/Instruction
- Diamond: Decision
- Arrow: Direction of flow
Example Flowchart (Largest of Two Numbers):
3. Algorithms vs Flowcharts
| Aspect | Algorithm | Flowchart |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Step-by-step textual instructions | Graphical representation of logic |
| Ease of Understanding | Better for programmers and technical readers | Easy for both technical and non-technical readers |
| Flexibility | Easy to write and modify | More effort needed to redraw diagrams |
| Application | Suitable for writing code directly | Best for explaining logic and decision making |
4. Real-Life Applications
- Banking: Algorithms check balance before approving withdrawals.
- Navigation: Flowcharts guide route selection depending on traffic and distance.
- Healthcare: Algorithms assist in medical diagnosis based on symptoms.
- Education: Flowcharts explain learning processes like solving equations.
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